User registration

ABSTRACT

An agent that may assist a service provider of gaming services with registering/signing up users, with accepting funds/money from a user and depositing these funds in a gaming account of the user for the user to play games with, and/or with receiving requests from a user to withdrawal funds from the user&#39;s account and paying the user the withdrawn funds. The agent may also assist a user in obtaining a report of an account of the user, the account being associated with a service provider that provides gaming services.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/908,137 filed Jun. 22, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/664,570 filed on Jul. 31, 2017 (now U.S. Pat.No. 10,688,398 issued on Jun. 23, 2020), which is a divisional of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/204,463 filed on Mar. 11, 2014 (now U.S.Pat. No. 9,744,444 issued on Aug. 29, 2017), which claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Application No. 61/776,748 filed Mar. 11, 2013, each ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

FIELD

Some embodiments relate to gaming.

BACKGROUND

Systems may be used for the gaming over a network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows an example system according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an example system 100 according toan example embodiment. In general, system 100 may be a gaming basedsystem, although system 100 may apply to other types of applications.System 100 may include one or more first entities 110, one or moresecond entities 120, and a plurality of users 130.

A first entity 110 may be a service provider that provides gamingservices to users 130, or in other words, provides one or more types ofgames that users 130 may play. Such games may include, for example, anyone or more of:

Games where a user may bet/wager against a house type entity (e.g.entity 110). Such games may include, e.g., casino type games such ascard games (e.g., blackjack, baccarat), dice games (e.g., craps),roulette, slots, etc. These games may be virtual games (e.g., usecomputer generated cards, dice, roulette wheel spins, slot machine reelspins) in which game outcomes/game results are based on/determined fromrandom number generator(s), for example. As another example, these gamesmay be non-virtual games in which game outcomes/game results are basedon actual cards, dice, roulette wheel spins, slot machine reel spins,etc. As another example, these games may be a combination of both. Suchgames may be played with real money/currency, may be played withpoints/tokens/credits/etc. that a user purchases with real money, and/ormay be played with points/tokens/credits/etc. that a user is assignedbut which the user does not purchase with real money. One skilled in theart will recognize that other types of games are possible.

Games where a user may bet/wager on sporting events, including, forexample, football, soccer, basketball, baseball, hockey, horses, dogs,cars, etc. Such games may be played/wagered against a house typeentity/book maker (e.g. entity 110) and/or may be pari-mutuel. Suchgames may be played with real money/currency, may be played withpoints/tokens/credits/etc. that a user purchases with real money, and/ormay be played with points/tokens/credits/etc. that a user is assignedbut which the user does not purchase with real money. One skilled in theart will recognize that other types of games are possible.

Games where a user may place bets/wagers on fantasy sporting events,including, for example, football, soccer, basketball, baseball, hockey,horses, dogs, cars, etc. Such games may be played/wagered against ahouse type entity/book maker (e.g. entity 110) and/or be played againstother users. Such games may be played with real money/currency, may beplayed with points/tokens/credits/etc. that a user purchases with realmoney, and/or may be played with points/tokens/credits/etc. that a useris assigned but which the user does not purchase with real money. Oneskilled in the art will recognize that other types of games arepossible.

Interactive games where a user plays against one or more other users,for example. Such games may include casino type games such as card games(e.g., poker). These games may be virtual games (e.g., use computergenerated cards) in which game outcomes/game results are basedon/determined from random generator(s), for example. As another example,these games may be non-virtual games in which game outcomes/game resultsare based on actual cards. As another example, such games may includefantasy sporting events in which users play against one another. Asanother example, such games may be video games in which users playagainst users. As another example, such games may include games ofchance and semi-chance such as chess, checkers, board games, Scrabble,Risk, etc. Such games may be played with real money/currency, may beplayed with points/tokens/credits/etc. that a user purchases with realmoney, and/or may be played with points/tokens/credits/etc. that a useris assigned but which the user does not purchase with real money. Oneskilled in the art will recognize that other types of games arepossible.

Lottery/lotto games where a user may choose one or more numbers, forexample, keno, bingo, etc. These games may be virtual games in whichselected numbers, for example, to determine game outcomes are basedon/determined from random generator(s), for example. As another example,these games may be non-virtual games in which selected numbers, forexample, to determine game outcomes are based on/determined from actualnumbers pulled from hoppers, for example. Such games may be played withreal money/currency, may be played with points/tokens/credits/etc. thata user purchases with real money, and/or may be played withpoints/tokens/credits/etc. that a user is assigned but which the userdoes not purchase with real money. One skilled in the art will recognizethat other types of games are possible.

Games where a user wagers on anything, such as weather, movies, gamesshows, etc. Such games may be played against other users and/or againsta house type entity (e.g. entity 110). Such games may be played withreal money/currency, may be played with points/tokens/credits/etc. thata user purchases with real money, and/or may be played withpoints/tokens/credits/etc. that a user is assigned but which the userdoes not purchase with real money. One skilled in the art will recognizethat other types of games are possible.

One skilled in the art will recognize that these games are merelyexamples and that service provider 110 may offer other types of games.

Service provider 110 may own and/or operate one or more computingsystems (e.g. servers) collectively shown as computing system 112 inFIG. 1. Computing system 112 may be referred to herein as a server forpurposes of description. However, it should be understood that the useof the term server is non-limiting, and that other types of computingsystems may be used. Server 112 may include one or more processors andone or memories and/or be interfaced to one or more external memories,such as one or more databases. Server 112 may include one or morenetwork hardware/software/firmware based interfaces that enable theserver to connect to and communicate over network 102. Server 112 mayalso include one or more software and/or firmware and/or hardware basedapplication(s) that execute on the server. One or more of suchapplications may be web based applications. As an example, suchapplications may include actual games offered by service provider 110,and administrative applications such as user account balance management,user registration/signup, etc.

An entity 120 may be an entity that performs tasks or functions onbehalf of or for a service provider 110 wherein those tasks or functionsare administrative functions related to users of a service provider. Asan example, an entity 120 may be an agent of a service provider 110 andin particular, may be an entity that the service provider trusts (i.e.,a trusted entity). For description purposes only, an entity 120 will bereferred to herein as an administrative agent. As an example, anadministrative agent 120 may assist a service provider 110 withregistering/signing up new users, with accepting funds/money from a userand depositing these funds in the user's gaming account for the user tobet/wager with, with receiving requests from a user to withdrawal fundsfrom the user's account and paying the user the withdrawn funds, etc.One skilled in the art will recognize that these are merely examples andan administrative agent 120 may perform other and/or additionalfunctions for a service provider 110. One skilled in the art will alsorecognize that an administrative agent 120 may perform functions formultiple different service providers. As a further example, system 100may include a plurality of administrative agents. A given administrativeagent may be associated with only one service provider and/or may beassociated with a plurality of service providers.

An administrative agent 120 may have one or more physical locations thata user can physically visit. Such location(s) may be physically separatefrom and/or remote from a service provider. Administrative agents may bephysically dispersed over a geographic area, such as a town, city,state, etc. As one example, an administrative agent 120 may only performfunctions related to user administration/administrative functions (suchas user registration, fund deposit, fund withdrawal, etc.) for a serviceprovider(s) 110. As another example, an administrative agent 120 mayperform such administrative functions for a service provider(s) 110 butmay also perform other functions for a service provider, such asmarketing. As another example, an administrative agent 120 may performadministrative functions for a service provider(s) 110 but may alsoperform other functions completely separate from a service provider 110.For example, an administrative agent 120 may be a bank/bank teller, anowner of a store, a notary, a lawyer, etc. One skilled in the art willrecognize that these are merely examples.

According to an example embodiment, in order for an administrative agent120 to perform functions for a service provider 110, the serviceprovider may issue to the agent a unique ID(s) 124. As described herein,an administrative agent, when performing tasks for a service provider110, may authenticate itself to the service provider 110 through thisID. For example, an administrative agent may need to physically view auser and a photo ID of that user and verify to the service provider that“John Doe” is in fact “John Doe” (example name). The administrativeagent may call the service provider 110 and/or enter into a computersystem that in fact the administrative agent has made this visualverification and authenticate this information to the service providerthrough the use of ID 124. In other words, through the use of the ID,the service provider may trust that service provider is communicatingwith a trusted agent and therefore trust the information received fromthe agent. According to another example, two or more service providersmay be affiliated (such as through a common owner, through agreement,etc.). Here, an agent may have/use the same ID 124 to perform functionsfor affiliated service providers.

ID 124 may take various forms. For example, the ID may be a login and/orpassword. As another example, in addition to or in place of alogin/password, the ID may simply be a value an administrative agentknows and provides when necessary; the ID may be encoded on a card(e.g., an RFID card, magnetic strip, bar code, etc.) that an agent mayswipe through a reader and thereby provide the ID to the serviceprovider; and/or the ID may be encoded on a memory device/memory stickthat an administrative agent inserts into a computer thereby providingthe ID to the service provider. One skilled in the art will recognizethat other variations are possible. As another variation, anadministrative agent may need to provide a biometric (e.g., retina scan,fingerprint, etc.) in conjunction with providing an ID.

In order for an administrative agent 120 to perform functions for aservice provider 110, an administrative agent may also have morecomputing systems 122 such as a computer, server, laptop, computing pad,smart phone etc. that may intercommunicate with a server 112, forexample. Such a computing system 122 may be dedicated to interworkingwith a service provider(s) 110/server(s) 112 (one computing system 122may interwork with only one service provider and therefore an agent mayneed multiple systems), and/or computing system 122 may interwork withmany service providers, and/or may be a general purpose device. Such acomputing system may include one or more processors and one or memoriesand/or be interfaced to one or more external memories, such as one ormore and/or databases. A computing system 122 may include one or morenetwork hardware/software/firmware based interfaces that enable thedevice to connect to and communicate over network 102. A computingsystem 122 may also have one or more software and/or firmware and/orhardware based application(s) that execute on the computing system inorder to intercommunicate with a service provider 110/server 112. Asanother example, a computing system 122 may interwork with a serviceprovider 110/server 112 through a web based application hosted by server112. One skilled in the art will recognize that other variations arepossible.

Users 130 may be users/players of games provided by a service provider110. Any given user may play such games through one or more computingsystems 132 such as a computer, server, laptop, computing pad, smartphone etc. that may intercommunicate with a server 112, for example,and/or one or more other computing systems 132 of other users 130. Acomputing system 132 may be dedicated to interworking with a serviceprovider(s) 110/server 112 and or may be a general purpose device. Sucha computing system may include one or more processors and one ormemories and/or be interfaced to one or more external memories, such asone or more and/or databases. A computing system 132 may include one ormore network hardware/software/firmware based interfaces that enable thedevice to connect to and communicate over network 102. A computingsystem 132 may also include one or more software and/or firmware and/orhardware based application(s) that execute on the computing system inorder to intercommunicate with a service provider 110/server 112 and/orother users/computing devices 132 in order to play games, for example.As another example, a computing system 132 may interwork with a serviceprovider 110/server 112 through a web based application hosted by server112. One skilled in the art will recognize that other variations arepossible.

Network 102 may include a public and/or private network(s) and be awired and/or wireless network based on any type of technology. Network102 may include in part the Internet.

According to an example embodiment, before a user can begin using theservices of a service provider 110 (e.g., playing a game/games), theuser may need to register with the service provider to become anauthorized player and/or to create a gaming account. According to anexample embodiment, the user may do this in person with the serviceprovider. According to another example, the user may do this remotelyvia a computing system, such as a computing system 132. As one example,the user, via a computing system 132, may access a web site hosted by aserver 112 (one skilled in the art will recognize that the user mayaccess server 112 in other fashions). Via that web site, the user mayindicate a desire to register with the service provider 110. As part ofthe registration, server 112 may prompt the user to enter at computingsystem 132 an identity (e.g., first and/or last name), date of birth,physical address of residence, social security number, and/or emailaddress, etc. Assuming the registration is successful, in return server112 may assign an ID(s) 134 to the user, such as login and password. Thelogin and/or password may be chosen by the user and/or server 112. Aspart of registration, server 112 may also prompt the user to answer oneor more questions (such as, for example, first pet/pet name, highschool/college graduated from, mother's maiden name, etc.). Assuming theregistration is successful, the user may also add funds to a gamingaccount (assuming the wagering is for money) as part of theregistration. For example, the user may provide a credit card to fundthe account, fund the account via PayPal, may wire transfer funds to theaccount, etc. As another example, the user may mail in a check, etc. Oneskilled in the art will recognize that the user may fund the account inother manners. Once the account is open, the user may be able to beginplaying games. According to another example, the user may need todeposit funds via an administrative agent as discussed herein.

According to an example embodiment, as part of registration, the usermay also need to verify to the service provider 110 one or more piecesof information provided to the service provider during registration. Forexample, the user may need to verify that he indeed is the person heentered/identified to the system during registration. Accordingly, aspart of registration, server 112 may inform the user via computingsystem 132, for example, that the user needs to physically visit anadministrative agent 120 to authenticate/verify to service provider 110the user is who he says he is. Server 110 may also inform the user as toone or more documents the user needs to provide the agent (such aslicense, passport, photo ID, tax bill, social security card, utilitybill, etc.) to verify this information. Server 112 may provide the userwith the name and/or location of one or more administrative agents.Server 110 may also force the user to choose an agent 120 and/or assignthe user to an agent 120. Here, server 112 may notify that agent inadvance (such as electronically via computing system 122) that the userwill be coming to complete registration. Server 112 may also warn theuser that the user has x hrs./days/weeks/etc. to perform theverification or his account will be closed/locked. According to oneexample, a user may be able to being playing games, wagering real moneyand/or winning money, even though the user has not completed theverification. According to one example, the user may not be able towithdraw any funds from his account (even deposited funds) and/or mayonly be able to withdraw limited funds from his account until theverification is completed. According to another example, the user maynot be able to withdraw any winnings from his account and/or may only beable to withdraw limited winnings from his account until theverification is completed. Here, the user may be able to withdrawdeposited funds. According to another example, a user may be able tomake a deposit of any amount, or only of a limited amount into hisaccount until the verification is completed.

According to another example, server 112 may also inform the user thatthe user can deposit funds into his account and/or withdraw funds fromhis account by visiting an administrative agent 120. Server 112 mayprovide such information to the user as part of registration and/or theinformation may be accessible to the user when gaming, for example, viaan information/help page, for example.

According to an example, subsequent to registering, a user mayphysically visit an administrative agent 120 informing the agent thatthe user needs to complete registration. In response, the administrativeagent, using a computing system 122, for example, may access server 112such as through a dedicated application and/or through a web basedapplication hosted by server 112. Upon accessing server 112,administrative agent 120 may indicate to the server that the agent isverifying the identity of a user, for example, in order to complete theuser's registration. Server 112 may provide the agent with a list ofusers awaiting verification for the agent to choose from. As anotherand/or additional example, the agent may enter the name of the user theagent is attempting to verify/authenticate. As a further and/oradditional example, the agent may be required to enter (or have the userenter) the ID(s) 134 assigned to the user during registration. As partof verification, the agent may visually inspect one or more documentsprovided by the user. The agent may also visually compare the user to aphoto ID provided by the user.

In particular, to perform verification/authentication, server 112 mayprovide the agent with information the user provided during registrationand the agent may compare that information to the document(s) providedby the user. If all information matches including for example, a photoof the user to the user, the agent may indicate to server 112 that theuser is verified. As another and/or additional example, the agent mayenter into the system information obtained from the documents providedby the user, which information may be conveyed to server 112. Here,server 112 may determine if all information matches and convey back tothe agent that the user is verified. Here again, the agent may stillneed to indicate the user matches a photo ID provided by the user. Asanother and/or additional example, the agent may need to scan a photo IDof the user and submit the scan in addition to a photo of the user takenby the agent to server 112. Here, an administrator of service provider110 may compare the photo and scan as part of the verification. Asanother and/or additional example, the agent may need to scan one ormore documents provided by the user and submit these to server 112,possibly in addition to a scan of a photo ID of the user and a photo ofthe user. Here again, an administrator of service provider 110 mayanalyze all information provided by the agent in connection withinformation previously provided by the user in order to performverification. As another example, the agent may contact an administratorof service provider 110 (such as by phone) and verbally verify to theadministrator that the person is verified. One skilled in the art willrecognize that other variations are possible including again, anyvariation/combination of the above. In general, regardless of howverification is performed, the agent may need to scan one or moredocuments provided by the user and submit these to server 112, possiblyin addition to a scan of a photo ID of the user and a photo of the user.

Regardless of the way verification is performed, the agent, at some timeduring the verification, may need to submit to server 112 his ID 124. Inthis fashion, server 112/service provider 110 knows that the informationis coming from an authorized agent. In the example where an agent speakswith an administrator of service provider 110, the agent may need toverbally provide the ID and/or submit the ID to server 112 via computingsystem 122.

According to another example, server 110 may prompt the agent to ask theuser answers to one or more questions the user provided duringregistration. Again, server 112 may provide the answers to the agent sothe agent may do a visual comparison, and/or the agent may submit theanswers to server 110 for the server to do comparisons.

According to another example, a user 130 may also and/or alternativelyuse an administrative agent 120 to deposit funds into and/or withdrawfunds from the user's account. According to an example, a user mayphysically visit an administrative agent 120 informing the agent thatthe user would like to make a deposit and/or withdrawal funds. Inresponse, the administrative agent, using a computing system 122, forexample, may access server 112 such as through a dedicated applicationand/or through a web based application hosted by server 112. Uponaccessing server 112, administrative agent 120 may indicate to theserver that the agent is making a withdrawal and/or making deposit.Server 112 may provide the agent with a list of users to choose from. Asanother and/or additional example, the agent may enter the name of theuser. As a further and/or additional example, the agent may be requiredto enter (or have the user enter) the ID(s) 134 assigned to the userduring registration. Assuming the user is in the system and can beidentified by server 112, server 112 may pull one or more pieces ofinformation from the user's account, such as the user's account balance,and may provide that information to computing system 122. Server 112also provide a photo of the user to computing system 122 and request theagent to visually verify the photo matches the user. The agent may berequired to respond to server 112 that there is a match. Server 112 mayalso provide an account status such as locked, partially locked, orunlocked thereby indicating whether the user may or may not be able tomake a deposit and/or withdrawal and/or may or may not be able to make apartial deposit and/or partial withdrawal.

Assuming the user is seeking to make a deposit and the account is open,the agent may physically receive funds (such as cash, check, moneyorder, etc.) from the user and communicate to server 112 the amount ofreceived funds. In response, server 112 may add the funds to the user'saccount. Alternatively, the user may indicate that the funds should betransferred to the gaming account from some other account, such as froma debit card account, credit card account, Pay Pal account. Here, theagent may receive the account information from the user and submit suchinformation to server 112 such that the server may effectuate thetransfer and add the funds to the user's account (note that according toone example, through the use of agent 120, there is some reassurance toservice provider 110 that the account from which funds are being takenis indeed the user's account.) Regardless, the server may thencommunicate a receipt to the user via email, text, etc. The server mayalso and/or alternatively communicate a receipt to computing system 122for the user's inspection and/or for printing by the agent for the user.Server 112 may also display on computing system 122 the user's adjustedbalance. One skilled in the art will recognize that other means may beused to convey a verification of account status to the user. As anotherexample, upon receiving funds from the user, the agent may alternativelyand/or in addition speak with an administrator of service provider 110and indicate that the agent has received funds from a user and that theuser's account balance should be adjusted accordingly. Again, a receiptmay be communicated to the user in various fashions such as throughemail, text, by communicating a receipt to computing system 122 forprinting, etc. One skilled in the art will recognize these are merelyexamples and other and/or additional variations are possible.

As part of making a deposit to a user's account, the agent, at some timeduring the deposit, may need to submit to server 112 his ID 124. In thisfashion, server 112/service provider 110 knows that an authorized agenthas the funds. In the example where an agent speaks with anadministrator of service provider 110, the agent may need to verballyprovide the ID and/or submit the ID to server 112 via computing system122.

Assuming the user is seeking to make a withdrawal and the account isopen, the agent may communicate to server 112 that amount of funds theuser wishes to withdraw. In response, server 112 may determine if suchrequested amount can be withdrawn (e.g., does the account havesufficient funds) and/or a lesser amount that can be withdrawn andaccordingly withdraw the funds from the user's account/adjust theaccount balance. The server may then communicate to computing system 122the amount withdrawn (again, which amount may be less than requested).In turn, the agent may then hand to the user the indicated amount offunds (e.g., in cash, check, money order, etc.). Alternatively, the usermay indicate that the funds should be transferred from the gamingaccount to some other account, such as a debit card account, credit cardaccount, Pay Pal account. Here, the agent may receive the accountinformation from the user and submit such information to server 112 suchthat the server may effectuate the transfer and remove the funds to theuser's account and add the funds to the designated account (note thataccording to one example, through the use of agent 120, there is somereassurance to service provider 110 that the account to which funds arebeing transferred is indeed the user's account.) The server may thencommunicate a receipt to the user via email, text, etc. The server mayalso and/or alternatively communicate a receipt to computing system 122for the user's inspection and/or for printing by the agent for the user.Server 112 may also display on computing system 122 the user's adjustedbalance. One skilled in the art will recognize that other means may beused to convey a verification of account status to the user. As anotherexample, the agent may alternatively and/or in addition speak with anadministrator of service provider 110 and indicate that a user wishes towithdrawal funds and that the user's account balance should be adjustedaccordingly. Similar to above, the administrator of service provider 110may determine an amount, if any that can be withdrawn, and communicatesuch to the agent. Again, a receipt may be communicated to the user invarious fashions such as through email, text, by communicating a receiptto computing system 122 for printing, etc. One skilled in the art willrecognize these are merely examples and other and/or additionalvariations are possible.

As part of making a withdrawal from a user's account, the agent, at sometime during the withdrawal, may need to submit to server 112 his ID 124.In this fashion, server 112/service provider 110 knows that anauthorized agent is making the request and that funds are being properlydispersed to a user. In the example where an agent speaks with anadministrator of service provider 110, the agent may need to verballyprovide the ID and/or submit the ID to server 112 via computing system122.

According to another example, a user 130 may also and/or alternativelyuse an administrative agent 120 to transfer funds between multiplegaming accounts of the user. For example, a service provider 110 mayrequire a user have different accounts for different types of gaming.For example, a user may have one account for wagering/betting on sports,one account for wagering/betting on casino type games, one account forwagering/betting on interactive games (like poker). As another example,a user may have multiple accounts with different service providers 110.According to an example, a user may physically visit an administrativeagent 120 informing the agent that the user would like to transfer fundsbetween accounts. Assuming the accounts are with the same serviceprovider, the administrative agent, using a computing system 122, forexample, may access a server 112 of the provider as similarly discussedabove, and then instruct the server to transfer funds between theaccounts, as similarly discussed above. Assuming the accounts are withdifferent service providers, the administrative agent, using a computingsystem 122, for example may access a server 112 of each service provideras similarly discussed above, and withdrawal the funds from one accountand deposit the funds into another account, as similarly discussedabove. Between transfers, the agent may place the funds in an account ofthe agent. One skilled in the art will recognize that other variationsare possible to transfer funds between accounts.

According to another example, an administrative agent may charge and/orcollect a fee from a user 130 and/or a service provider 110 forassisting in the registration of a user, for depositing funds into auser's account, and/or for withdrawing funds from a user's account.

According to another example, a user via a computing system 132 and/orvia an agent/computing system 132 may be able to obtain from a serviceprovider via server 112, for example, each amount a user has won, eachamount a user has lost, a user's total winnings, a user's total losses,and/or a user's net losses or winnings. Such a report may be over aspecified duration of time, such as a given month or months, a givencalendar year, etc. In the event the user has multiple accounts with agiven service provider, the report may be over each account and asummary for all accounts. According to another example, an agent, suchas through a computing system 132, for example, may generate such areport for a user if the user has accounts across multiple serviceproviders. According another example, a user may be able to use such areport(s) for tax reporting purpose to one or more jurisdictions (suchas a country, state, city, federal, or other geographical region or taxjurisdiction.)

While this disclosure has been described in terms of certain embodimentsand generally associated methods, alterations and permutations of theembodiments and methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Accordingly, the above description of example embodiments does notconstrain this disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterationsare also possible without departing from the spirit and scope of thisdisclosure.

The following sections provide a guide to interpreting the presentapplication.

I. TERMS

The term “product” means a machine, manufacture and/or composition ofmatter, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The term “process” means a process, algorithm, method or the like,unless expressly specified otherwise.

Each process (whether called a method, algorithm or otherwise)inherently includes one or more steps, and therefore all references to a“step” or “steps” of a process have an inherent antecedent basis in themere description of a process, or in the mere recitation of the term‘process’ or a like term. Accordingly, any reference in a claim to a‘step’ or ‘steps’ of a process has sufficient antecedent basis.

The term “invention” and the like mean “the one or more inventionsdisclosed in this application”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The terms “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “theembodiment”, “the embodiments”, “one or more embodiments”, “someembodiments”, “certain embodiments”, “one embodiment”, “anotherembodiment” and the like mean “one or more (but not all) embodiments ofthe invention”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The term “variation” of an invention means an embodiment of theinvention, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The term “indication” is used in an extremely broad sense. An“indication” of a thing should be understood to include anything thatmay be used to determine the thing.

An indication of a thing may include an electronic message thatidentifies the thing (e.g., an identification of a widget by a serialnumber affixed to the widget, an identification of a widget by one ormore characteristics of the widget). An indication of a thing mayinclude information that may be used to compute and/or look-up a thing(e.g., information identifying a machine of which a widget is a partthat may be used to determine the widget). An indication of a thing mayspecify things that are related to the thing (e.g., characteristics ofthe thing, a name of the thing, a name of a thing related to the thing).An indication of a thing may not specify things that are related to thething (e.g., a letter “a” may be an indication of a widget of a computersystem that is configured to interpret the letter “a” to identify thewidget). An indication of a thing may include a sign, a symptom, and/ora token of the thing. An indication, for example, may include a code, areference, an example, a link, a signal, and/or an identifier. Anindication of a thing may include information that represents,describes, and/or otherwise is associated with the thing.

A transformation of an indication of a thing may be an indication of thething (e.g., an encrypted indication of a thing may be an indication ofthe thing). An indication of a thing may include the thing itself, acopy of the thing, and/or a portion of the thing. An indication of athing may be meaningless to a thing that is not configured to understandthe indication (e.g., a person may not understand that a letter “a”indicates a widget, but it may nonetheless be an indication of thewidget because the computer system may determine the widget from theletter “a”). It should be understood that the fact that an indication ofa thing may be used to determine the thing does not mean that the thingor anything else is determined. An indication of a thing may include anindication of any number of the thing unless specified otherwise. Anindication of a thing may include an indication of other things (e.g.,an electronic message that indicates many things). (Indication can beused as a very broad term in claim language. For example: receiving anindication of a financial instrument.)

The term “represent” means (1) to serve to express, designate, standfor, or denote, as a word, symbol, or the like does; (2) to express ordesignate by some term, character, symbol, or the like; (3) to portrayor depict or present the likeness of, as a picture does; or (4) to serveas a sign or symbol of.

A reference to “another embodiment” in describing an embodiment does notimply that the referenced embodiment is mutually exclusive with anotherembodiment (e.g., an embodiment described before the referencedembodiment), unless expressly specified otherwise. Similarly, the merefact that two (or more) embodiments are referenced does not imply thatthose embodiments are mutually exclusive.

One embodiment of the invention may include or cover or embrace morethan one other embodiment of the invention. For example, a firstembodiment comprising elements a, b, and c may cover a second embodimentthat comprises elements a, b, c, and d as well as a third embodimentcovering elements a, b, c, and e. Similarly, each of the first, second,and third embodiments may cover a fourth embodiment comprising elementsa, b, c, d, and e.

The terms “including”, “comprising” and variations thereof mean“including but not necessarily limited to”, unless expressly specifiedotherwise. Thus, for example, the sentence “the machine includes a redwidget and a blue widget” means the machine includes the red widget andthe blue widget but may possibly include one or more other items aswell.

The term “consisting of” and variations thereof mean “including and alsolimited to”, unless expressly specified otherwise. Thus, for example,the sentence “the machine consists of a red widget and a blue widget”means the machine includes the red widget and the blue widget but doesnot include anything else.

The term “compose” and variations thereof mean “to make up theconstituent parts of, component of, or member of”, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. Thus, for example, the sentence “the red widget andthe blue widget compose a machine” means the machine includes the redwidget and the blue widget.

The term “exclusively compose” and variations thereof mean “to make upexclusively the constituent parts of, to be the only components of, orto be the only members of”, unless expressly specified otherwise. Thus,for example, the sentence “the red widget and the blue widgetexclusively compose a machine” means the machine consists of the redwidget and the blue widget (i.e. and nothing else).

The terms “a”, “an” and “the” refer to “one or more”, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. Thus, for example, the phrase “a widget” means oneor more widgets, unless expressly specified otherwise. Similarly, afterreciting the phrase “a widget”, a subsequent recitation of the phrase“the widget” means “the one or more widgets”. Accordingly, it should beunderstood that the word “the” may also refer to a specific term havingantecedent basis. For example, if a paragraph mentions “a specificsingle feature” and then refers to “the feature,” then the phrase “thefeature” should be understood to refer to the previously mentioned “aspecific single feature.” (It should be understood that the term “a” in“a specific single feature” refers to “one” specific single feature andnot “one or more” specific single features.)

The term “plurality” means “two or more”, unless expressly specifiedotherwise.

The term “herein” means “in the present application, including anythingwhich may be incorporated by reference”, unless expressly specifiedotherwise.

The phrase “at least one of”, when such phrase modifies a plurality ofthings (such as an enumerated list of things), means any combination ofone or more of those things, unless expressly specified otherwise. Forexample, the phrase “at least one of a widget, a car and a wheel” meanseither (i) a widget, (ii) a car, (iii) a wheel, (iv) a widget and a car,(v) a widget and a wheel, (vi) a car and a wheel, or (vii) a widget, acar and a wheel. The phrase “at least one of”, when such phrase modifiesa plurality of things does not mean “one of” each of the plurality ofthings. For example, the phrase “at least one of a widget, a car and awheel” does not mean “one widget, one car and one wheel”.

Numerical terms such as “one”, “two”, etc. when used as cardinal numbersto indicate quantity of something (e.g., one widget, two widgets), meanthe quantity indicated by that numerical term, but do not mean at leastthe quantity indicated by that numerical term. For example, the phrase“one widget” does not mean “at least one widget”, and therefore thephrase “one widget” does not cover, e.g., two widgets.

The phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on”, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” covers both“based only on” and “based at least on”. The phrase “based at least on”is equivalent to the phrase “based at least in part on”. For example,the phrase “element A is calculated based on element B and element C”covers embodiments where element A is calculated as the product of Btimes C (in other words, A=B×C), embodiments where A is calculated asthe sum of B plus C (in other words, A=B+C), embodiments where A iscalculated as a product of B times C times D, embodiments where A iscalculated as a sum of the square root of B plus C plus D times E, andso on.

The term “represent” and like terms are not exclusive, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. For example, the term “represents” does not mean“represents only”, unless expressly specified otherwise. For example,the phrase “the data represents a credit card number” covers both “thedata represents only a credit card number” and “the data represents acredit card number, and the data also represents something else”.

The term “whereby” is used herein only to precede a clause or other setof words that express only the intended result, objective or consequenceof something that is explicitly recited before the term “whereby”. Thus,when the term “whereby” is used in a claim, the clause or other wordsthat the term “whereby” modifies do not establish specific furtherlimitations of the claim or otherwise restrict the meaning or scope ofthe claim.

The terms “e.g.”, “such as” and like terms mean “for example”, and thusdo not limit the term or phrase they explain. For example, in thesentence “the computer sends data (e.g., instructions, a data structure)over the Internet”, the term “e.g.” explains that “instructions” are anexample of “data” that the computer may send over the Internet, and alsoexplains that “a data structure” is an example of “data” that thecomputer may send over the Internet. However, both “instructions” and “adata structure” are merely examples of “data”, and other things besides“instructions” and “a data structure” can be “data”.

The term “respective” and like terms mean “taken individually”. Thus iftwo or more things have “respective” characteristics, then each suchthing has its own characteristic, and these characteristics can bedifferent from each other but need not be. For example, the phrase “eachof two machines has a respective function” means that the first of thetwo machines has a function and the second of the two machines has afunction as well. The function of the first machine may or may not bethe same as the function of the second machine.

The term “i.e.” and like terms mean “that is”, and thus limits the termor phrase it explains. For example, in the sentence “the computer sendsdata (i.e., instructions) over the Internet”, the term “i.e.” explainsthat “instructions” are the “data” that the computer sends over theInternet.

A numerical range includes integers and non-integers in the range,unless expressly specified otherwise. For example, the range “1 to 10”includes the integers from 1 to 10 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . 9, 10) andnon-integers (e.g., 1.0031415926, 1.1, 1.2, . . . 1.9).

Where two or more terms or phrases are synonymous (e.g., because of anexplicit statement that the terms or phrases are synonymous), instancesof one such term or phrase does not mean instances of another such termor phrase must have a different meaning. For example, where a statementrenders the meaning of “including” to be synonymous with “including butnot limited to”, the mere usage of the phrase “including but not limitedto” does not mean that the term “including” means something other than“including but not limited to”.

II. DETERMINING

The term “determining” and grammatical variants thereof (e.g., todetermine a price, determining a value, the determination of an objectwhich meets a certain criterion) is used in an extremely broad sense.The term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions andtherefore “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing,deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, adatabase or another data structure), rendering into electronic format ordigital representation, ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining”can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g.,accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” caninclude resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.

The term “determining” does not imply certainty or absolute precision,and therefore “determining” can include estimating, extrapolating,predicting, guessing, averaging and the like.

The term “determining” does not imply that mathematical processing mustbe performed and does not imply that numerical methods must be used anddoes not imply that an algorithm is used.

The term “determining” does not imply that any particular device must beused. For example, a computer need not necessarily perform thedetermining.

The term “determining” may include “calculating”. The term “calculating”should be understood to include performing one or more calculations.Calculating may include computing, processing, and/or deriving.Calculating may be performed by a computing device. For example,calculating a thing may include applying an algorithm to data by acomputer processor and generating the thing as an output of theprocessor.

The term “determining” may include “referencing”. The term “referencing”should be understood to include making one or more reference, e.g., to athing. Referencing may include querying, accessing, selecting, choosing,reading, and/or looking-up. The act of referencing may be performed by acomputing device. For example, referencing a thing may include reading amemory location in which the thing is stored by a processor.

The term “determining” may include “receiving”. For example, receiving athing may include taking in the thing. In some embodiments, receivingmay include acts performed to take in a thing, such as operating anetwork interface through which the thing is taken in. In someembodiments, receiving may be performed without acts performed to takein the thing, such as in a direct memory write or a hard wired circuit.Receiving a thing may include receiving a thing from a remote sourcethat may have calculated the thing.

III. FORMS OF SENTENCES

Where a limitation of a first claim would cover one of a feature as wellas more than one of a feature (e.g., a limitation such as “at least onewidget” covers one widget as well as more than one widget), and where ina second claim that depends on the first claim, the second claim uses adefinite article “the” to refer to that limitation (e.g., “the widget”),this mere usage does not imply that the first claim covers only one ofthe feature, and this does not imply that the second claim covers onlyone of the feature (e.g., “the widget” can cover both one widget andmore than one widget).

When an ordinal number (such as “first”, “second”, “third” and so on) isused as an adjective before a term, that ordinal number is used (unlessexpressly specified otherwise) merely to indicate a particular feature,such as to distinguish that particular feature from another feature thatis described by the same term or by a similar term, but that ordinalnumber does not have any other meaning or limiting effect—it is merely aconvenient name. For example, a “first widget” may be so named merely todistinguish it from, e.g., a “second widget”. Thus, the mere usage ofthe ordinal numbers “first” and “second” before the term “widget” doesnot indicate any other relationship between the two widgets, andlikewise does not indicate any other characteristics of either or bothwidgets. For example, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers “first” and“second” before the term “widget” (1) does not indicate that eitherwidget comes before or after any other in order or location; (2) doesnot indicate that either widget occurs or acts before or after any otherin time; and (3) does not indicate that either widget ranks above orbelow any other, as in importance or quality. The mere usage of ordinalnumbers does not define a numerical limit to the features identifiedwith the ordinal numbers. For example, the mere usage of the ordinalnumbers “first” and “second” before the term “widget” does not indicatethat there are exactly two widgets.

When a single device, article or other product is described herein, inanother embodiment more than one device or article (whether or not theycooperate) may alternatively be used in place of the single device orarticle that is described. Accordingly, the functionality that isdescribed as being possessed by a device may alternatively be possessedby more than one device or article (whether or not they cooperate) inanother embodiment.

Similarly, where more than one device, article or other product isdescribed herein (whether or not they cooperate), in another embodimenta single device or article may alternatively be used in place of themore than one device or article that is described. For example, aplurality of computer-based devices may be substituted with a singlecomputer-based device. In some embodiments, such a plurality ofcomputer-based devices may operate together to perform one step of aprocess such as is common in grid computing systems. In someembodiments, such a plurality of computer-based devices may operateprovide added functionality to one another so that the plurality mayoperate to perform one step of a process such as is common in cloudcomputing systems. (Conversely, a single computer-based device may besubstituted with multiple computer-based devices operating incooperation with one another. For example, a single computing device maybe substituted with a server and a workstation in communication with oneanother over the internet). Accordingly, the various functionality thatis described as being possessed by more than one device or article mayalternatively be possessed by a single device or article.

The functionality and/or the features of a single device that isdescribed may, in another embodiment, be alternatively embodied by oneor more other devices which are described but are not explicitlydescribed as having such functionality or features. Thus, otherembodiments need not include the described device itself, but rather caninclude the one or more other devices which would, in those otherembodiments, have such functionality or features.

IV. DISCLOSED EXAMPLES AND TERMINOLOGY ARE NOT LIMITING

Neither the Title (set forth at the beginning of the first page of thepresent application) nor the Abstract (set forth at the end of thepresent application) is to be taken as limiting in any way the scope ofthe disclosed invention, is to be used in interpreting the meaning ofany claim or is to be used in limiting the scope of any claim. AnAbstract has been included in this application merely because anAbstract is required under 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b).

The headings of sections provided in the present application are forconvenience only and are not to be taken as limiting the disclosure inany way.

Numerous embodiments are described in the present application and arepresented for illustrative purposes only. The described embodiments arenot, and are not intended to be, limiting in any sense. The disclosedinvention is widely applicable to numerous embodiments, as is readilyapparent from the disclosure. One of ordinary skill in the art willrecognize that the disclosed invention may be practiced with variousmodifications and alterations, such as structural, logical, software,and electrical modifications. Although particular features of thedisclosed invention may be described with reference to one or moreparticular embodiments and/or drawings, it should be understood thatsuch features are not limited to usage in the one or more particularembodiments or drawings with reference to which they are described,unless expressly specified otherwise.

Though an embodiment may be disclosed as including several features,other embodiments of the invention may include fewer than all suchfeatures. Thus, for example, a claim may be directed to less than theentire set of features in a disclosed embodiment, and such claim wouldnot be interpreted as requiring features beyond those features that theclaim expressly recites.

No embodiment of method steps or product elements described in thepresent application constitutes the invention claimed herein, or isessential to the invention claimed herein, or is coextensive with theinvention claimed herein, except where it is either expressly stated tobe so in this specification or (with respect to a claim and theinvention defined by that claim) expressly recited in that claim.

Any preambles of the claims that recite anything other than a statutoryclass shall be interpreted to recite purposes, benefits and possibleuses of the claimed invention, and such preambles shall not be construedto limit the claimed invention.

The present disclosure is not a literal description of all embodimentsof the invention. Also, the present disclosure is not a listing offeatures of the invention which must be present in all embodiments.

All disclosed embodiments are not necessarily covered by the claims(even including all pending, amended, issued and canceled claims). Inaddition, a disclosed embodiment may be (but need not necessarily be)covered by several claims. Accordingly, where a claim (regardless ofwhether pending, amended, issued or canceled) is directed to aparticular embodiment, such is not evidence that the scope of otherclaims do not also cover that embodiment.

Devices that are described as in communication with each other need notbe in continuous communication with each other, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. On the contrary, such devices need only transmit toeach other as necessary or desirable and may actually refrain fromexchanging data most of the time. For example, a machine incommunication with another machine via the Internet may not transmitdata to the other machine for long period of time (e.g. weeks at atime). In addition, devices that are in communication with each othermay communicate directly or indirectly through one or moreintermediaries. Devices are in communication with one another if theyare capable of at least one-way communication with one another. Forexample, a first device is in communication with a second device if thefirst device is capable of transmitting information to the seconddevice. Similarly, the second device is in communication with the firstdevice if the second device is capable of receiving information from thefirst device.

A description of an embodiment with several components or features doesnot imply that all or even any of such components or features arerequired. On the contrary, a variety of optional components aredescribed to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of thepresent invention. Unless otherwise specified explicitly, no componentor feature is essential or required.

Although process steps, algorithms or the like may be described orclaimed in a particular sequential order, such processes may beconfigured to work in different orders. In other words, any sequence ororder of steps that may be explicitly described or claimed does notnecessarily indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in thatorder. The steps of processes described herein may be performed in anyorder possible. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneouslydespite being described or implied as occurring non-simultaneously(e.g., because one step is described after the other step). Moreover,the illustration of a process by its depiction in a drawing does notimply that the illustrated process is exclusive of other variations andmodifications thereto, does not imply that the illustrated process orany of its steps are necessary to the invention, and does not imply thatthe illustrated process is preferred.

Although a process may be described as including a plurality of steps,that does not imply that all or any of the steps are preferred,essential or required. Various other embodiments within the scope of thedescribed invention include other processes that omit some or all of thedescribed steps. Unless otherwise specified explicitly, no step isessential or required.

Although a process may be described singly or without reference to otherproducts or methods, in an embodiment the process may interact withother products or methods. For example, such interaction may includelinking one business model to another business model. Such interactionmay be provided to enhance the flexibility or desirability of theprocess.

Although a product may be described as including a plurality ofcomponents, aspects, qualities, characteristics and/or features, thatdoes not indicate that any or all of the plurality are preferred,essential or required. Various other embodiments within the scope of thedescribed invention include other products that omit some or all of thedescribed plurality.

An enumerated list of items (which may or may not be numbered) does notimply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unlessexpressly specified otherwise. Likewise, an enumerated list of items(which may or may not be numbered) does not imply that any or all of theitems are comprehensive of any category, unless expressly specifiedotherwise. For example, the enumerated list “a computer, a laptop, and aPDA” does not imply that any or all of the three items of that list aremutually exclusive and does not imply that any or all of the three itemsof that list are comprehensive of any category.

An enumerated list of items (which may or may not be numbered) does notimply that any or all of the items are equivalent to each other orreadily substituted for each other.

All embodiments are illustrative, and do not imply that the invention orany embodiments were made or performed, as the case may be.

V. COMPUTING

It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that thevarious processes described herein may be implemented by, e.g.,appropriately programmed general purpose computers, special purposecomputers and computing devices. Typically a processor (e.g., one ormore microprocessors, one or more microcontrollers, one or more digitalsignal processors) will receive instructions (e.g., from a memory orlike device), and execute those instructions, thereby performing one ormore processes defined by those instructions. Instructions may beembodied in, e.g., one or more computer programs, one or more scripts.

The term “compute” shall mean to determine using a processor inaccordance with a software algorithm.

A “processor” means one or more microprocessors, central processingunits (CPUs), computing devices, microcontrollers, digital signalprocessors, graphics processing units (GPUs) or like devices or anycombination thereof, regardless of the architecture (e.g., chip-levelmultiprocessing or multi-core, RISC, CISC, Microprocessor withoutInterlocked Pipeline Stages, pipelining configuration, simultaneousmultithreading, microprocessor with integrated graphics processing unit,GPGPU).

A “computing device” means one or more microprocessors, centralprocessing units (CPUs), computing devices, microcontrollers, digitalsignal processors, graphics card, mobile gaming device, or like devicesor any combination thereof, regardless of the architecture (e.g.,chip-level multiprocessing or multi-core, RISC, CISC, Microprocessorwithout Interlocked Pipeline Stages, pipelining configuration,simultaneous multithreading).

Thus a description of a process is likewise a description of anapparatus for performing the process. The apparatus that performs theprocess can include, e.g., a processor and those input devices andoutput devices that are appropriate to perform the process. For example,a description of a process is a description of an apparatus comprising aprocessor and memory that stores a program comprising instructions that,when executed by the processor, direct the processor to perform themethod.

The apparatus that performs the process can include a plurality ofcomputing devices that work together to perform the process. Some of thecomputing devices may work together to perform each step of a process,may work on separate steps of a process, may provide underlying servicesthat other computing devices that may facilitate the performance of theprocess. Such computing devices may act under instruction of acentralized authority. In another embodiment, such computing devices mayact without instruction of a centralized authority. Some examples ofapparatus that may operate in some or all of these ways may include gridcomputer systems, cloud computer systems, peer-to-peer computer systems,computer systems configured to provide software as a service, and so on.For example, the apparatus may comprise a computer system that executesthe bulk of its processing load on a remote server, but outputs displayinformation to and receives user input information from a local usercomputer, such as a computer system that executes VMware software.

Further, programs that implement such methods (as well as other types ofdata) may be stored and transmitted using a variety of media (e.g.,computer readable media) in a number of manners. In some embodiments,hard-wired circuitry or custom hardware may be used in place of, or incombination with, some or all of the software instructions that canimplement the processes of various embodiments. Thus, variouscombinations of hardware and software may be used instead of softwareonly.

The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any non-transitory medium,a plurality of the same, or a combination of different media, thatparticipate in providing data (e.g., instructions, data structures)which may be read by a computer, a processor or a like device. Such amedium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatilemedia, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile mediainclude, for example, optical or magnetic disks and other persistentmemory. Volatile media include dynamic random access memory (DRAM),which typically constitutes the main memory. Transmission media includecoaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires thatcomprise a system bus coupled to the processor. Transmission media mayinclude or convey acoustic waves, light waves and electromagneticemissions, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) andinfrared (IR) data communications. Common forms of computer-readablemedia include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk,magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD, any otheroptical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium withpatterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, a FLASH-EEPROM, any othermemory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, orany other medium from which a computer can read.

The term “tangible computer-readable medium” refers to a“computer-readable medium” that comprises a hardware component, such asoptical or magnetic disks.

Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carryingdata (e.g. sequences of instructions) to a processor. For example, datamay be (i) delivered from RAM to a processor; (ii) carried over awireless transmission medium; (iii) formatted and/or transmittedaccording to numerous formats, standards or protocols, such as Ethernet(or IEEE 802.3), wireless local area network communication defined bythe IEEE 802.11 specifications whether or not they are approved by theWi-Fi Alliance, SAP, ATP, Bluetooth, and TCP/IP, TDMA, CDMA, and 3G;and/or (iv) encrypted to ensure privacy or prevent fraud in any of avariety of ways well known in the art.

The term “database” refers to any electronically-stored collection ofdata that is stored in a retrievable format.

The term “data structure” refers to a database in a hardware machinesuch as a computer.

The term “network” means a series of points or nodes interconnected bycommunication paths. For example, a network can include a plurality ofcomputers or communication devices interconnected by one or more wiredand/or wireless communication paths. Networks can interconnect withother networks and contain subnetworks.

The term “predetermined” means determined beforehand, e.g., before apresent time or a present action. For example, the phrase “displaying apredetermined value” means displaying a value that was determined beforethe act of displaying.

The term “condition” means (1) a premise upon which the fulfillment ofan agreement depends, or (2) something essential to the appearance oroccurrence of something else.

The term “transaction” means (1) an exchange or transfer of goods,services, or funds, or (2) a communicative action or activity involvingtwo parties or things that reciprocally affect or influence each other.

Thus a description of a process is likewise a description of acomputer-readable medium storing a program for performing the process.The computer-readable medium can store (in any appropriate format) thoseprogram elements which are appropriate to perform the method. Forexample, a description of a process is a description of acomputer-readable storage medium that stores a program comprisinginstructions that, when executed by a processor, direct the processor toperform the method.

Just as the description of various steps in a process does not indicatethat all the described steps are required, embodiments of an apparatusinclude a computer or computing device operable to perform some (but notnecessarily all) of the described process.

Likewise, just as the description of various steps in a process does notindicate that all the described steps are required, embodiments of acomputer-readable medium storing a program or data structure include acomputer-readable medium storing a program that, when executed, cancause a processor to perform some (but not necessarily all) of thedescribed process.

Where databases are described, it will be understood by one of ordinaryskill in the art that (i) alternative database structures to thosedescribed may be readily employed, and (ii) other memory structuresbesides databases may be readily employed. Any illustrations ordescriptions of any sample databases presented herein are illustrativearrangements for stored representations of information. Any number ofother arrangements may be employed besides those suggested by, e.g.,tables illustrated in drawings or elsewhere. Similarly, any illustratedentries of the databases represent exemplary information only; one ofordinary skill in the art will understand that the number and content ofthe entries can be different from those described herein. Further,despite any depiction of the databases as tables, other formats(including relational databases, object-based models and/or distributeddatabases) could be used to store and manipulate the data typesdescribed herein. Likewise, object methods or behaviors of a databasecan be used to implement various processes, such as the describedherein. In addition, the databases may, in a known manner, be storedlocally or remotely from a device which accesses data in such adatabase.

Various embodiments can be configured to work in a network environmentincluding a computer that is in communication (e.g., via acommunications network) with one or more devices. The computer maycommunicate with the devices directly or indirectly, via any wired orwireless medium (e.g. the Internet, LAN, WAN or Ethernet, Token Ring, atelephone line, a cable line, a radio channel, an optical communicationsline, commercial on-line service providers, bulletin board systems, asatellite communications link, a combination of any of the above). Eachof the devices may themselves comprise computers or other computingdevices, such as those based on the Intel®, Pentium®, or Centrino™,Atom™ or Core™ processor, that are adapted to communicate with thecomputer. Any number and type of devices may be in communication withthe computer.

In an embodiment, a server computer or centralized authority may not benecessary or desirable. For example, the present invention may, in anembodiment, be practiced on one or more devices without a centralauthority. In such an embodiment, any functions described herein asperformed by the server computer or data described as stored on theserver computer may instead be performed by or stored on one or moresuch devices.

Where a process is described, in an embodiment the process may operatewithout any user intervention. In another embodiment, the processincludes some human intervention (e.g., a step is performed by or withthe assistance of a human).

As used herein, the term “encryption” refers to a process for obscuringor hiding information so that the information is not readilyunderstandable without special knowledge. The process of encryption maytransform raw information, called plaintext, into encrypted information.The encrypted information may be called ciphertext, and the algorithmfor transforming the plaintext into ciphertext may be referred to as acipher. A cipher may also be used for performing the reverse operationof converting the ciphertext back into plaintext. Examples of ciphersinclude substitution ciphers, transposition ciphers, and ciphersimplemented using rotor machines.

In various encryption methods, ciphers may require a supplementary pieceof information called a key. A key may consist, for example, of a stringof bits. A key may be used in conjunction with a cipher to encryptplaintext. A key may also be used in conjunction with a cipher todecrypt ciphertext. In a category of ciphers called symmetric keyalgorithms (e.g., private-key cryptography), the same key is used forboth encryption and decryption. The sanctity of the encryptedinformation may thus depend on the key being kept secret. Examples ofsymmetric key algorithms are DES and AES. In a category of cipherscalled asymmetric key algorithms (e.g., public-key cryptography),different keys are used for encryption and decryption. With anasymmetric key algorithm, any member of the public may use a first key(e.g., a public key) to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext. However, onlythe holder of a second key (e.g., the private key) will be able todecrypt the ciphertext back into plaintext. An example of an asymmetrickey algorithm is the RSA algorithm.

VI. CONTINUING APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure provides, to one of ordinary skill in the art, anenabling description of several embodiments and/or inventions. Some ofthese embodiments and/or inventions may not be claimed in the presentapplication but may nevertheless be claimed in one or more continuingapplications that claim the benefit of priority of the presentapplication.

Applicants intend to file additional applications to pursue patents forsubject matter that has been disclosed and enabled but not claimed inthe present application.

VII. 35 U.S.C. § 112, PARAGRAPH 6

In a claim, a limitation of the claim which includes the phrase “meansfor” or the phrase “step for” means that 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6,applies to that limitation.

In a claim, a limitation of the claim which does not include the phrase“means for” or the phrase “step for” means that 35 U.S.C. § 112,paragraph 6 does not apply to that limitation, regardless of whetherthat limitation recites a function without recitation of structure,material or acts for performing that function. For example, in a claim,the mere use of the phrase “step of” or the phrase “steps of” inreferring to one or more steps of the claim or of another claim does notmean that 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6, applies to that step(s).

With respect to a means or a step for performing a specified function inaccordance with 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6, the correspondingstructure, material or acts described in the specification, andequivalents thereof, may perform additional functions as well as thespecified function.

Computers, processors, computing devices and like products arestructures that can perform a wide variety of functions. Such productscan be operable to perform a specified function by executing one or moreprograms, such as a program stored in a memory device of that product orin a memory device which that product accesses. Unless expresslyspecified otherwise, such a program need not be based on any particularalgorithm, such as any particular algorithm that might be disclosed inthe present application. It is well known to one of ordinary skill inthe art that a specified function may be implemented via differentalgorithms, and any of a number of different algorithms would be a meredesign choice for carrying out the specified function.

Therefore, with respect to a means or a step for performing a specifiedfunction in accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6, structurecorresponding to a specified function includes any product programmed toperform the specified function. Such structure includes programmedproducts which perform the function, regardless of whether such productis programmed with (i) a disclosed algorithm for performing thefunction, (ii) an algorithm that is similar to a disclosed algorithm, or(iii) a different algorithm for performing the function.

Where there is recited a means for performing a function that is amethod, one structure for performing this method includes a computingdevice (e.g., a general purpose computer) that is programmed and/orconfigured with appropriate hardware to perform that function.

Also included is a computing device (e.g., a general purpose computer)that is programmed and/or configured with appropriate hardware toperform that function via other algorithms as would be understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art.

VIII. DISCLAIMER

Numerous references to a particular embodiment do not indicate adisclaimer or disavowal of additional, different embodiments, andsimilarly references to the description of embodiments which all includea particular feature do not indicate a disclaimer or disavowal ofembodiments which do not include that particular feature. A cleardisclaimer or disavowal in the present application will be prefaced bythe phrase “does not include” or by the phrase “cannot perform”.

IX. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Any patent, patent application or other document referred to herein isincorporated by reference into this patent application as part of thepresent disclosure, but only for purposes of written description andenablement in accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 1, and shouldin no way be used to limit, define, or otherwise construe any term ofthe present application, unless without such incorporation by reference,no ordinary meaning would have been ascertainable by a person ofordinary skill in the art. Such person of ordinary skill in the art neednot have been in any way limited by any embodiments provided in thereference. Conversely, the definitions provided in this applicationshould not be used to limit, define, or otherwise construe any term ofany document incorporated herein by reference. The definitions set forthexplicitly in this application are controlling notwithstanding thedescription of particular embodiments that may be incompatible with thedefinition(s).

Any incorporation by reference does not, in and of itself, imply anyendorsement of, ratification of, or acquiescence in any statements,opinions, arguments or characterizations contained in any incorporatedpatent, patent application or other document, unless explicitlyspecified otherwise in this patent application.

X. PROSECUTION HISTORY

In interpreting the present application (which includes the claims), oneof ordinary skill in the art refers to the prosecution history of thepresent application, but not to the prosecution history of any otherpatent or patent application, regardless of whether there are otherpatent applications that are considered related to the presentapplication, and regardless of whether there are other patentapplications that share a claim of priority with the presentapplication.

1. (canceled)
 2. A method comprising: controlling, by at least oneprocessor: receiving, over a communication network, from a computingsystem, a request to receive a status of an account of a user, theaccount being associated with a service provider that provides gamingservices over the communication network to the computing system;displaying, over the communication network, on a display associated withthe computing system, data indicating at least one of amounts the userhas won or amounts the user has lost in playing at the computing systemgames provided by the service provider over the communication network;and communicating, over the communication network, to the computingsystem that the user needs to complete registration with the serviceprovider by performing an identity verification, in which the identityverification includes providing, over the communication network, fromthe computing system, to the at least one processor, a scan of anidentification document, and wherein the user has limited access to thegaming services until the user completes the identity verification. 3.The method of claim 2, wherein the data further includes total winningsand total losses of the user in playing games provided by the serviceprovider.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the data is for a givencalendar year.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the user has aplurality of accounts with the service provider, and wherein the dataincludes amounts the user has won and amounts the user has lost inplaying games provided by the service provider in association with eachaccount.
 6. The method of claim 2, wherein in the event the user hasmultiple accounts with a given service provider, the data may be overeach account and a summary for all accounts.
 7. The method of claim 2,further comprising an agent to generate the data for a user if the userhas accounts across multiple service providers.
 8. An apparatuscomprising: at least one processor configured to control: receiving,over a communication network, from a computing system, a request toreceive a status of an account of a user, the account being associatedwith a service provider that provides gaming services over thecommunication network to the computing system; displaying, over thecommunication network, on a display associated with the computingsystem, data indicating at least one of amounts the user has won oramounts the user has lost in playing at the computing system gamesprovided by the service provider over the communication network; andcommunicating, over the communication network, to the computing systemthat the user needs to complete registration with the service providerby performing an identity verification, in which the identityverification includes providing, over the communication network, fromthe computing system, to the at least one processor, a scan of anidentification document, and wherein the user has limited access to thegaming services until the user completes the identity verification. 9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the data further includes totalwinnings and total losses of the user in playing games provided by theservice provider.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data is fora given calendar year.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the userhas a plurality of accounts with the service provider, and wherein thedata includes amounts the user has won and amounts the user has lost inplaying games provided by the service provider in association with eachaccount.
 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein in the event the user hasmultiple accounts with a given service provider, the data may be overeach account and a summary for all accounts.
 13. The apparatus of claim8, further comprising an agent to generate the data for a user if theuser has accounts across multiple service providers.
 14. The apparatusof claim 9, in which the system is dedicated to interworking withservice providers of gaming services.
 15. A non-transitorycomputer-readable media, to have stored thereon instructions that, whenexecuted by a processor, control: receiving, over a communicationnetwork, from a computing system, a request to receive a status of anaccount of a user, the account being associated with a service providerthat provides gaming services over the communication network to thecomputing system; displaying, over the communication network, on adisplay associated with the computing system, data indicating at leastone of amounts the user has won or amounts the user has lost in playingat the computing system games provided by the service provider over thecommunication network; and communicating, over the communicationnetwork, to the computing system that the user needs to completeregistration with the service provider by performing an identityverification, in which the identity verification includes providing,over the communication network, from the computing system, to the atleast one processor, a scan of an identification document, and whereinthe user has limited access to the gaming services until the usercompletes the identity verification.
 16. The non-transitorycomputer-readable media of claim 15, in which the instructions, whenexecuted by the processor, control receiving total winnings and totallosses of the user in playing games provided by the service provider.17. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, in which theinstructions, when executed by the processor, control receiving the datafor a given calendar year.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readablemedia of claim 17, in which the instructions when executed by theprocessor, control having a plurality of accounts with the serviceprovider, and wherein the data includes amounts the user has won andamounts the user has lost in playing games provided by the serviceprovider in association with each account.
 19. The non-transitorycomputer-readable media of claim 15, in which the instructions whenexecuted by the processor, control the computing system being dedicatedto interworking with service providers of gaming services.
 20. Thenon-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, in which in theevent the user has multiple accounts with a given service provider, thedata is over each account and a summary for all accounts.
 21. Thenon-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, in which theinstructions when executed by the processor, control having an agentgenerate the data for the user if the user has accounts across multipleservice providers.